What is a scheme vs a target vs a project?

Answer: These are three distinct levels of organisation in an Xcode workspace.

• Project — the .xcodeproj file; top-level container holding everything
• Target — a single build product (app, framework, extension, test suite)
• Scheme — defines what to build, run, test, profile, and archive

Practical relationships:

Project (MyApp.xcodeproj)
  ├── Target: MyApp          ← the main app
  ├── Target: MyAppTests     ← unit tests
  ├── Target: MyAppUITests   ← UI tests
  ├── Target: MyWidget       ← widget extension
  └── Target: NetworkKit     ← internal framework

Scheme: MyApp
  ├── Build: MyApp + MyAppTests
  ├── Run: MyApp (Debug config)
  ├── Test: MyAppTests + MyAppUITests
  └── Archive: MyApp (Release config)

When to add targets:

• App extensions (widgets, share extensions, notification service)
• Internal frameworks you want to share across apps
• White-label apps with different bundle IDs and assets